The Constitution

Qatar’s Constitution has undergone significant transitional stages, beginning in 1970 with the enactment of the first Interim Basic Statute for governance, which was amended in 1972 to address the evolving needs and responsibilities of the state. These amendments defined the objectives of Qatar’s policies, while the government gained valuable experience in exercising authority at both domestic and international levels.

Constitutional developments included legislative amendments to provisions of the amended Interim Basic Statute, particularly those related to executive authority and the succession of rule in the state. The issuance of the Judiciary Act and other foundational laws governing civil and commercial transactions further established state institutions and laid the groundwork for a state governed by law and institutions.

On 13 July 1999, a pivotal moment in Qatar’s modern history, HH the Father Amir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani issued Amiri Decision No. (1) of 1999, establishing a committee to draft the Permanent Constitution. In a memorable speech, HH the Father Amir outlined key principles for the anticipated constitution, emphasising its role as a guiding document for state policy, governance and the rights and duties of citizens while reflecting Gulf, Arab, and Islamic heritage and culture.

The Committee for Drafting the Permanent Constitution comprised 32 Qatari scholars and intellectuals. On 2 July 2002, the committee presented HH the Father Amir with the Draft Permanent Constitution. A referendum was held on 29 April 2003, with 96.6% of Qatari citizens voting in favour.

On 8 June 2004, the Permanent Constitution of the State of Qatar was enacted, establishing the principles of democratic governance, public participation in decision-making and the protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms while honouring Qatar’s Arab and Islamic identity.

In October 2024, HH the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani issued Decree No. (87) of 2024, calling on citizens aged 18 and above to participate in a referendum on constitutional amendments. The amendments, prepared by the Cabinet, were unanimously approved by the Shura Council.

On 5 November 2024, Qatari nationals participated in the referendum with an impressive turnout and widespread support. The referendum, which passed with a 90.6% approval, reflected the citizens’ strong commitment to national responsibility and their active role in shaping Qatar’s future, reinforcing the unity between the people and their leadership.